Interventions5 sources
Probiotics for ASD Dysbiosis
This knowledge-base record is being expanded from WikiBiome’s evidence graph.
Search: “ASD”
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33 records in this view
Clinical cautions4 sources
STOP: Iron Supplementation in ASD Dysbiosis (Without Metal Dysregulation Assessment)
Warning: Clinical Disclaimer: This STOP page represents a hypothesis based on mechanistic evidence and should NOT replace clinical judgment. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before modifying any treatment plan. Evidence quality ratings reflect the str…
Microorganisms9 sources
Acinetobacter
A Gram-negative, aerobic, non-fermenting coccobacillus and a member of the ESKAPE group of priority pathogens (Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter). Acinetobacter baumannii is among the most problematic nosocomial pathogens…
Diseases11 sources
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A neurodevelopmental condition affecting approximately 1 in 36 children (US CDC 2023 estimate), characterized by differences in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. From a metallomics perspective, ASD presents a compelling convergence of…
Microorganisms4 sources
Bifidobacteriaceae
Bifidobacteriaceae is the family containing bifidobacterium and related genera (alloscardovia). It is the dominant family in the healthy infant gut and a significant commensal family in adults. Family-level depletion is documented in ASD (marked reduction of Actinobacte…
Microorganisms5 sources
Bifidobacterium breve
Bifidobacterium breve is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic species within the phylum Actinobacteria, predominantly found in the infant gut and breast milk. It is among the earliest colonizers of the neonatal intestine and plays a key role in human milk oligosaccharide…
Microorganisms4 sources
Burkholderiales
Burkholderiales is an order of Gram-negative Betaproteobacteria that includes environmentally versatile genera such as Ralstonia, Burkholderia, and Sutterella. Many members are notable for their metal resistance mechanisms, which enable survival in heavy metal-contamina…
Mechanisms4 sources
Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT)
The transfer of processed stool from a healthy donor into a recipient's gastrointestinal tract to restore a disrupted microbial community. FMT is the most direct form of microbiome intervention -- replacing the entire community rather than supplementing individual strai…
Interventions0 sources
Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) for ASD aims to replace the dysbiotic gut community with a diverse donor microbiome. Open-label results show improvements in both GI symptoms and behavioral measures, but benefits are lost within weeks after cessation.
Microorganisms7 sources
Gemella
Gemella is a genus of Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic cocci that are normal commensals of the oral cavity. Species include G. morbillorum, G. haemolysans, and G. sanguinis. In the WikiBiome context, Gemella is notable for its oral-gut translocation pattern — an o…
Mechanisms16 sources
Gut-Brain Axis
Bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system, mediated by neural (vagus nerve, enteric nervous system), immune (cytokines, microglia), endocrine (HPA axis), and metabolic (SCFAs, neurotransmitter precursors, tryptophan metabolite…
Mechanisms5 sources
Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid intermediate in the methionine cycle. Elevated plasma homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinemia) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disease. The gut microbiome …
Mechanisms3 sources
Ketone Bodies
Ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], acetoacetate, acetone) are produced by hepatic fatty acid oxidation during carbohydrate restriction, fasting, or ketogenic diet consumption. BHB is the most abundant and is structurally and functionally analogous to butyrate — …
Microorganisms12 sources
Lachnospira
Lachnospira is a genus of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the lachnospiraceae family (Firmicutes phylum). L. pectinoschiza, the type species, is a specialist pectin fermenter that produces short chain fatty acids from plant-derived polysaccharides. The…
Metals59 sources
Lead
Lead is a purely toxic heavy metal with no known biological function. It is the most extensively studied metal in relation to neurodevelopmental harm and is increasingly recognized as a contributor to chronic disease across virtually every organ system, even at levels o…
Mechanisms5 sources
Maternal Immune Activation
Maternal immune activation (MIA) describes the phenomenon in which infection or inflammatory stimulation during pregnancy produces persistent neurological and microbiome alterations in offspring, increasing risk for autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and other neu…
Microorganisms15 sources
Megamonas
Megamonas is a genus of obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in the family Veillonellaceae (class Negativicutes, phylum Firmicutes). The type species is Megamonas hypermegale, with M. funiformis also well-characterized. It is a common member of the human gut micro…
Interventions0 sources
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for Autism Spectrum Disorder
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a glutathione precursor and glutamatergic modulator that addresses two key features of ASD pathophysiology: oxidative stress and excitatory-inhibitory imbalance. A pilot RCT demonstrated large effect sizes for irritability reduction.
Interventions0 sources
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) Supplementation (Cross-Condition)
Research summary — not medical advice. This page synthesizes published research on a mechanism-level intervention. It is not a clinical recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before making any changes to diet, supplementation, or treatment.
Metals143 sources
Nickel
A transition metal occupying a central position in this wiki's evidence base. Nickel is toxic and carcinogenic to humans, yet an essential cofactor for pathogen virulence enzymes. It is the most frequent contact allergen worldwide and drives a wide spectrum of systemic …
Mechanisms7 sources
NLRP3 Inflammasome
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a host innate-immune signaling complex that connects cellular danger signals to caspase-1 activation. In the canonical pathway represented in WikiBiome's evidence vault, caspase-1 processes the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and IL-18 and clea…
Mechanisms5 sources
p-Cresol
A microbial metabolite produced by gut bacteria through tyrosine fermentation that has emerged as one of the most consistent biomarkers linking gut dysbiosis to neurological and renal disease. p-Cresol (4-methylphenol) is a simple aromatic compound, but its effects are …
Microorganisms5 sources
Penicillium
Penicillium is a genus of filamentous fungi best known as the source of penicillin. In the WikiBiome context, Penicillium appears in the gut mycobiome — the fungal component of the microbiome — with associations across ASD, pancreatitis, and cardiometabolic disease.
Microorganisms3 sources
Prevotellaceae
A family of Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the phylum Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) that includes the genus prevotella and the recently described alloprevotella. Prevotellaceae are specialist fiber fermenters producing short-chain fatty acids,…
Mechanisms5 sources
Propionic Acid
A three-carbon short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced primarily by Bacteroidetes and certain Firmicutes through anaerobic fermentation of dietary substrates. At physiological concentrations in healthy gut microbiomes, propionic acid (PPA) is a normal fermentation produc…
Microorganisms9 sources
Ralstonia
Ralstonia is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic bacteria in the class Betaproteobacteria. While Wikipedia focuses on R. solanacearum (a plant pathogen), the WikiBiome-relevant species are R. pickettii and R. metallidurans (now Cupriavidus metallidurans) — organisms with …
Microorganisms11 sources
Ruminococcus
A genus of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic cocci within the Firmicutes phylum that exemplifies dual-nature microbiology — containing both keystone beneficial species and disease-associated pathobionts within the same genus. The genus spans multiple former taxonomic gr…
Microorganisms11 sources
Saccharomyces boulardii
See also: saccharomyces (genus page) Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast strain used as a probiotic across a wide range of gastrointestinal and inflammatory conditions. Taxonomically a strain of S. cerevisiae, it is phenotypically distinct — optimally acti…
Microorganisms7 sources
Sutterella
A Gram-negative, microaerophilic genus within the Proteobacteria phylum (family Sutterellaceae). The primary species S. wadsworthensis is classified as a pathobiont due to its IgA-degrading capacity and associations with neurodevelopmental and inflammatory conditions. H…
Mechanisms6 sources
Synbiotics
A synbiotic is a combination of a probiotic (live beneficial microorganism) and a prebiotic (substrate that selectively feeds beneficial microbes), designed to work synergistically — the prebiotic supports the survival and colonization of the probiotic organism. Synbiot…
Microorganisms7 sources
Turicibacter
A Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic genus within the class Erysipelotrichia (phylum Firmicutes) that has become one of the most frequently identified taxa in gut-brain and gut-immune Mendelian randomization studies. Turicibacter sanguinis, the type species, possess…
Mechanisms3 sources
Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA)
Ursodeoxycholic acid is a hydrophilic secondary bile acid used therapeutically for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), gallstone dissolution, and cholestatic liver disease. It is also a microbial metabolite — gut bacteria (7α/β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases) convert chen…
Interventions0 sources
Zinc Supplementation for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Zinc supplementation addresses the functional zinc deficiency in ASD caused by toxic metal displacement at binding sites. Lead, mercury, and cadmium enter cells via calcium channels and displace zinc from critical enzymes and structural proteins (Primitive 3: mis-metall…