WikiBiomeThe human microbiome encyclopediaRanked matches across titles, topics, categories, and article introductions.
The Th17/Treg balance is the immunological equilibrium between pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells. This balance is the master switch between immune tolerance and autoimmune/inflammatory pathology — and the gut micro…
Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. What has emerged over the past two decades is that the gut microbiome is not merely associated with autoimmune disease -- it is a mechanistic driver of immune tolerance breakdown. Metals add a se…
Bacteroides is the most abundant genus in the Western adult gut and a cornerstone of intestinal polysaccharide metabolism. As members of the bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroides species encode enormous repertoires of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) organized into pol…
Butyrate is a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid produced when anaerobic gut microorganisms ferment dietary substrates. In the colon, it participates in epithelial energy metabolism, barrier maintenance, immune signaling, and gene regulation. Its effects depend on conce…
A class of Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacteria within the phylum Firmicutes that represents the most functionally diverse and clinically significant taxonomic class in the human gut microbiome. Clostridia encompasses the dominant butyrate producers sustaining col…
Eubacteriales Buchanan 1917 (Approved Lists 1980) is the current correct name for NCBITaxon:186802. LPSN records Clostridiales Prévot 1953 (Approved Lists 1980) as a validly published heterotypic synonym, not a separate current order ncbi taxonomy eubacteriales lpsn eub…
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder characterized by TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) that stimulate the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism kahaly 2022 graves disease targeted therapy review. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, with conc…
The gut-thyroid axis describes the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the thyroid gland. The thyroid regulates metabolism, energy homeostasis, and immune function -- and the microbiome influences thyroid physiology at every level: mineral absorpt…
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease globally and the leading cause of hypothyroidism. Chronic lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland progressively destroys follicular architecture, reducing thyroid hormone output. Prevalence is 5-10…
Interleukin-10 is the primary anti-inflammatory cytokine, produced by Treg cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. It suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1β), inhibits antigen presentation, and maintains immune tolerance. IL-10…
Interleukin-17 (primarily IL-17A and IL-17F) is the signature cytokine of Th17 cells. At physiological levels, IL-17 maintains mucosal barrier defense by recruiting neutrophils and inducing antimicrobial peptide production. At pathological levels (Th17/Treg imbalance), …
The immune system is not a monolith but a dynamic equilibrium between pro-inflammatory effector responses (Th1, Th2, Th17) and anti-inflammatory regulatory responses (Treg, IL-10, TGF-beta). Metals and the microbiome are two of the most potent environmental modulators o…
Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease characterized by keratinocyte hyperproliferation, resulting in well-demarcated erythematous plaques with silvery scales. Affecting approximately 2-3% of the global population, psoriasis is now understood …
A severe neuropsychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the global population, characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions), negative symptoms (anhedonia, social withdrawal, flat affect), and cognitive deficits. Life expectancy is reduced by 1…
The most extensively referenced missing concept in this wiki. SCFAs -- acetate (C2), propionate (C3), and butyrate (C4) -- are the primary metabolic products of anaerobic bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the colon. They serve as the critical molecular link bet…
Streptococcus thermophilus is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic coccus that is the primary probiotic species used in commercial yogurt fermentation and thermophilic dairy fermentation worldwide. Distinct from pathogenic Streptococcus species, S. thermophilus produc…
TGF-beta is a pleiotropic cytokine with dual roles: immunosuppressive (driving regulatory T cell [Treg] differentiation and maintaining immune tolerance) and pro-fibrotic (promoting extracellular matrix deposition, wound healing, and tissue fibrosis). In the WikiBiome c…
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans leads to lifelong insulin dependence. T1D is fundamentally distinct from type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by insul…
Vitamin D (calciferol; active form: calcitriol/1,25(OH)₂D₃) is a secosteroid hormone with profound immunomodulatory effects. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed on virtually all immune cells, and vitamin D deficiency is epidemiologically linked to autoimmune disea…
Research summary — not medical advice. This page synthesizes published research on a mechanism-level intervention. It is not a clinical recommendation. Consult a qualified healthcare provider before making any changes to diet, supplementation, or treatment.