Lactobacillus plantarum is one of the most versatile probiotic species—found in fermented foods (kimchi, sauerkraut, sourdough), the human gut, and the vaginal microbiome. It has the largest genome among Lactobacillus species (~3.3 Mb), encoding extensive stress tolerance, metabolic flexibility, and antimicrobial peptide (plantaricin) production.
Evidence map5 cited passagesInspect provenance +
Heavy metal binding: L. plantarum can biosorb cadmium, lead, and arsenic from the gut lumen, reducing systemic metal absorption—a bioremediation function relevant to metal-exposed populations.
MS: Component of probiotic formulations showing immunomodulatory effects in MS.
Schizophrenia: Part of synbiotic formulation for metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia RCT.
Thyroid: Discussed in gut microbiota-thyroid axis.
Male fertility: Part of probiotic interventions for reproductive health.
Notable Features#
Heavy metal binding: L. plantarum can biosorb cadmium, lead, and arsenic from the gut lumen, reducing systemic metal absorption—a bioremediation function relevant to metal-exposed populations.[1]Feng 2022 — Human supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici GR-1 decreases heavy metal levels through modifying the gut microbiota and metabolomeFeng P, Yang J, Zhao S et al. · 2022Open reference 1 ↓
MS: Component of probiotic formulations showing immunomodulatory effects in MS.[2]Morshedi 2019 — Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: systematic reviewMohammad Morshedi, Reza Hashemi, Sara Moazzen et al. · 2019Open reference 2 ↓ Schizophrenia: Part of synbiotic formulation for metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia RCT.[3]Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled TrialBasafa-Roodi P, Jazayeri S, Hadi F et al. · 2024Open reference 3 ↓ Thyroid: Discussed in gut microbiota-thyroid axis.[4]Gut Microbiota and Thyroid Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Clinical ImplicationsBao K, Lin H, Guo S · 2025Open reference 4 ↓
Male fertility: Part of probiotic interventions for reproductive health.[5]Lv 2024 — Gut Microbiota Is Involved in Male Reproductive Function: A ReviewShuya Lv, Jingrong Huang, Yadan Luo et al. · 2024Open reference 5 ↓
Cross-References#
- Lactobacillus—genus page
- Lactobacillaceae—family context
- Cadmium—L. plantarum biosorbs cadmium (Cd) from gut lumen
- Lead—L. plantarum biosorbs lead (Pb)
References 5
Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.
- 1
Feng P, Yang J, Zhao S et al. (2022). Feng 2022 — Human supplementation with Pediococcus acidilactici GR-1 decreases heavy metal levels through modifying the gut microbiota and metabolome. npj Biofilms and Microbiomes.
- 2
Mohammad Morshedi, Reza Hashemi, Sara Moazzen et al. (2019). Morshedi 2019 — Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: systematic review. Journal of Neuroinflammation.
- 3
Basafa-Roodi P, Jazayeri S, Hadi F et al. (2024). Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on the Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. BMC Psychiatry.
- 4
Bao K, Lin H, Guo S (2025). Gut Microbiota and Thyroid Diseases: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. X-Disciplinarity.
- 5
Shuya Lv, Jingrong Huang, Yadan Luo et al. (2024). Lv 2024 — Gut Microbiota Is Involved in Male Reproductive Function: A Review. Frontiers in Microbiology.
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