Succinate is a Krebs cycle intermediate and a microbial metabolite produced by Dialister, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and other gut bacteria. Beyond its role in energy metabolism, succinate is a signaling molecule that activates GPR91 (SUCNR1) on immune cells and neurons, linking microbial metabolism to host Metal-Driven Inflammation and neurological function.
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dialister is a primary succinate producer in the gut. Dialister depletion in depression → reduced succinate → impaired mitochondrial function in hippocampal neurons → cognitive and mood deficits.
Dual Role#
Physiological: Supports mitochondrial electron transport (Complex II substrate); signals via GPR91 for immune surveillance.
Pathological: Excess succinate stabilizes HIF-1α in macrophages → drives IL-6 and IL-1beta (Interleukin-1 Beta) production → pro-inflammatory. Succinate accumulation in the tumor microenvironment promotes cancer progression.
Dialister Connection#
Dialister is a primary succinate producer in the gut. Dialister depletion in depression → reduced succinate → impaired mitochondrial function in hippocampal neurons → cognitive and mood deficits.[1]Peng 2023 — Gut Microbiome and Brain Metabolic Remodeling in CP with EpilepsyPeng A, et al. · 2023Open reference 1 ↓[2]Romano 2023 — Gut Microbiome in Children with Mood, Anxiety, and NDDs: Umbrella ReviewKaitlin Romano, Ashka N. Shah, Anett Schumacher et al. · 2023Open reference 2 ↓
Cross-References#
- Dialister—primary microbial succinate producer
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)—related microbial metabolite class
- Microbiome-Derived Metabolites—broader microbial metabolite context
- inflammation—succinate-HIF-1α-IL-1β pro-inflammatory axis
References 3
Numbered by first appearance in the article, then reconciled with its declared source list.
- 1
Peng A, et al. (2023). Peng 2023 — Gut Microbiome and Brain Metabolic Remodeling in CP with Epilepsy. Frontiers in Neurology.
- 2
Kaitlin Romano, Ashka N. Shah, Anett Schumacher et al. (2023). Romano 2023 — Gut Microbiome in Children with Mood, Anxiety, and NDDs: Umbrella Review. Gut Microbiome.
- 3
Lepeng Zhou, Linghong Tang, Chuhui Zhou et al. (2024). Zhou 2024 — Association of Maternal Postpartum Depression Symptoms with Infant Neurodevelopment and Gut Microbiota. Frontiers in Psychiatry.
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